A microgrid, also known as a mini-grid or micro-network, is a novel type of power system that integrates distributed generation sources, energy storage devices, energy conversion equipment, relevant loads, and monitoring and protection devices into a single controllable system. It can operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes, serving as an effective approach to achieve active distribution networks and a crucial component of the smart grid.

Composition and Features of Microgrids
The composition of a microgrid typically includes several key components:
- Distributed Generation Sources: These include renewable energy systems such as wind turbines and photovoltaic panels, which can be flexibly configured based on local resource availability.
- Energy Storage Devices: For instance, batteries and supercapacitors, which smooth out fluctuations in distributed generation and enhance the reliability of power supply.
- Energy Conversion Equipment: Such as power electronic converters, which facilitate the conversion of electrical energy between different voltage levels and forms.
- Loads: These refer to various power consumers and electrical equipment.
- Monitoring and Protection Devices: These enable real-time monitoring, fault detection, and isolation to ensure the safe and stable operation of the microgrid.
The features of microgrids lie in their autonomy, flexibility, and reliability. They can operate in an islanded mode during grid failures, safeguarding critical loads. Simultaneously, they optimize the operation of distributed generation sources, enhancing energy utilization efficiency.
Applications and Significance of Microgrids
Microgrids have a wide range of applications, serving both as a complement to urban power grids and as a means of providing electricity in remote areas. In urbanization processes, microgrids can help alleviate power supply pressures and improve reliability. In remote regions, they can leverage local renewable energy resources to achieve self-sufficiency in electricity generation.

The significance of microgrids lies in promoting the transformation and upgrading of energy structures and facilitating the large-scale application of renewable energy. Through the construction and operation of microgrids, distributed generation sources can be centrally managed and optimized, enhancing energy utilization efficiency. Additionally, microgrids can provide more flexible and reliable power services to electricity users, advancing the intelligence of power systems.
Future Development Trends of Microgrids
With the continuous development of renewable energy technologies and the enhancement of power system intelligence, microgrids are poised for even broader development prospects. In the future, microgrids will increasingly focus on coordinated operation with the main grid, realizing complementary and optimized energy utilization. Simultaneously, they will prioritize user-side demand response and energy management, offering users more intelligent and personalized power services.

In conclusion, as a novel power system, the microgrid holds vast application prospects and significant strategic importance. It will drive the transformation and upgrading of energy structures, facilitate the large-scale application of renewable energy, and provide robust support for building a clean, low-carbon, and efficient energy system.